Araby Life Has No Meaning Essay - 1040 Words

Many people try to discover what the meaning of life is and find themselves searching for something that makes them feel complete. Some believe vanity is important, so they struggle to be better than others so they can have the money, the glory, and the luxuries. A desire to find a higher purpose or meaning keeps people from the possibility that life has no meaning. Life is filled with vanity, which is meaningless, therefore life has no meaning. James Joyces â€Å"Araby† displays the theme that life has no meaning through the use of setting, characters, symbols, and motifs. â€Å"Araby† takes place in Dublin, Ireland, a city and country whose history has been marked with gloom. The Great Famine of 1740-41 and many years of English†¦show more content†¦His desire strengthens after this, and he hopes to find a gift at Araby that will impress Mangans sister. Then, he begins to obsess over her and the trip to Araby. The narrator’s obsession causes h im to become bored with his schoolwork. Anything that stood between him and his desire seemed to be â€Å"ugly monotonous childs play† to him (Joyce 263). Irritability became a common emotion for him. He left the house â€Å"in a bad humor† when his uncle stood in the hall, which prevented him from watching for Mangans sister one morning. Then, later that day, a clocks ticking irritated him to the point where he had to leave the room (Joyce 263). Araby becomes a symbol of what life could potentially be if he was to be with Mangans sister. He envisions the bazaar as a place that would â€Å"cast an Eastern enchantment† over him (Joyce 263). It can be perceived that he hopes she will add excitement to the routine of his life. Once he reaches the bazaar, he finds it dark and Stewart 3 deserted (Joyce 264). After he struggles to remember why he came to the bazaar â€Å"the futility of his purposelessness of his project begins to dawn on him† as he approaches an English shop-girl and two men speaking (Barnhisel). Perhaps he senses that Mangans sister will be a disappointment like the bazaar when the light he has always seen her in meets the darkness of Araby (Barnhisel). Nevertheless, heShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Religious Undertones in James Joyces Araby818 Words   |  4 PagesJames Joyce uses religious references throughout Araby to express his resentment towards the Catholic Church, and Catholicism as a whole. The story revolves around religious symbolism and a boys intnse desire for a girl. Joyces reasons for rejecting the Catholic Church are unknown, but in many scenes his attitude towards religious hypocrisy becomes clearer. The introduction to Araby sets the religious tones, which flow through a neighborhood, dark and full of desire. TheRead MoreAraby: A Lesson in Adolescence Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† Lesson in Adolescence In his brief but complex story Araby, James Joyce concentrates on character rather than on plot to reveal the ironies within self-deception. On one level Araby is a story of initiation, of a boys quest for the ideal. The quest ends in failure but results in an inner awareness and a first step into manhood. On another level the story consists of a grown mans remembered experience, for a man who looks back to a particular moment of intense meaning and insightRead MoreArabay by James Joyce Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pages Select Literary Elements of â€Å"Araby† In â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce, the author uses several literary elements to convey the multitude of deep meanings within the short story. Three of the most prominent and commonly used by Joyce are the elements of how the themes were developed, the unbounded use of symbolism, and the effectiveness of a particular point of view. Through these three elements Joyce was able to publish his world famous story and allow his literary piece to be understood and criticizedRead MoreJames Joyces Araby Essay1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Araby nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In James Joyce’s Araby, a young boy finds himself in love with an older girl. The girl, Mangan’s sister, refuses to love him back and instead ignores him. This crushes the boy and makes his hunger for her even more stronger. He sometimes finds himself hopelessly alone in the darkness thinking about her, awaiting for the day she would recognize his devotion to her. â€Å" At night in my bedroom†¦her image came betweenRead MoreInterpretive Questions for Araby by James Joyce Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pages Araby – Interpretive Questions 1. Joyce is not subtle in describing the setting as desolate and the adults as cold. There is a lifelessness that surrounds the boy: â€Å"musty†¦. waste littered†¦ somber houses†¦ cold†¦. †¦ silent street†¦ dark muddy lanes.† Adults are ghosts: â€Å"the boys are surrounded by â€Å"shades of people† whose houses â€Å"gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.† Joyce evokes an image of the Irish soul as cold and the street as uninhabited and detached, with the housesRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce1013 Words   |  5 PagesJoyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when one enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is sym bolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is the enchanted visionRead MoreThe Story Of Araby By James Joyce1293 Words   |  6 PagesAraby is a short story written by James Joyce. Who lived from 1882 to 1941. Quit Ireland at twenty and spend his life writing about Dublin, where he was born. The main character of this story is a young boy, who is portrayed by the first-person narrator, whose name and age is unknown. Probably his age would be about 11 to 14 years old. Also, the narrator lives with his aunt and uncle, and goes to school, which gives us an idea that he is unable to live by himself. This short story is basicallyRead Moreothello Essay956 Words   |  4 PagesExplored in â€Å"Araby† and Atonement In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby and Ian McEwan’s Atonement both authors express that that the characters mature and grow through quests. In Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† the boy goes on a quest to the bazaar to meet Managan’s sisters whom he is very interested in. However, because he is a young boy and does not leave his much, and has no source of income there are limitations on his freedom, which ultimately affect his quest. In McEwan’s Atonement Briony goes through a life near longRead MoreThe Management Of Grief By Bharati Mukherjee And Araby1169 Words   |  5 Pagesgreat importance of theme and literary characteristics when attempting to connect various literary works, as it allows the reader to make a deeper connection and understanding of the stories. Although The Management of Grief by Bharati Mukherjee and Araby by James Joyce had incredibly diverse settings, one may connect the two by the similar themes shared in both works. Both authors als o frequently use recurring imagery and main character point of view in their stories, to further the readers understandingRead MoreEssay on James Joyces Araby - Setting in Araby1597 Words   |  7 PagesSetting in James Joyces Araby  Ã‚   In the opening paragraphs of James Joyces short story, Araby, the setting takes center stage to the narrator. Joyce tends carefully to the exquisite detail of personifying his setting, so that the narrators emotions may be enhanced. To create a genuine sense of mood, and reality, Joyce uses many techniques such as first person narration, style of prose, imagery, and most of all setting. The setting of a short story is vital to the development of character

Dexterity Impairment Free Essays

Definition: Dexterity Impairment (Arms/Hands/Fingers) Reduced function of arms and hands makes activities related to moving, turning or pressing objects difficult or impossible. This does not influence speech communication itself but makes it hard to make a phone call or use a wide range of other equipment. Big button phones, text-to-speech and other handy products If you have problems with dexterity you don’t have to struggle with small buttons or fiddly switches. We will write a custom essay sample on Dexterity Impairment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many of our phones have features which may help make using them easier. More about Easy grip handsets Handsfree and headset options Large or well-spaced buttons Memory store to reduce the number of times you have to press buttons to make a call Speed dial options so you can store frequently used numbers under dedicated buttons for one touch dialing Pre-dial facility to check the number you have entered is correct before dialing Dedicated 1571 buttons for easy message retrieval. BT Big Button 200 The BT Big Button 200 is our most popular phone, with lots of features to make calling easier. It has large, well spaced buttons ideal for anyone who struggles to see a smaller keypad, easy volume controls, an inductive coupler for use with a hearing aid, and much more. . Simple tips to help with dexterity Keep items you use regularly in places that are easy to reach, perhaps get a cordless phone. Don’t use your hands for a long period of time without breaks, you may like to consider a hands free telephone. Consider making adjustments to your home like adding hand rails or lever taps. How to cite Dexterity Impairment, Essay examples

Accounting Atrill Morgan Essay Example For Students

Accounting Atrill Morgan Essay ACCY 111 Nguyen Dang Quang Name: Nguyen Dang Quang ID: 300199536 Lecturer: Nguyen The Loc Tutor: Ngo Manh Duy Word count: 1175 Accounting is a subject that is relevant to business enterprises, especially operating, financial accounting, and managerial accounting information. There are many ways to define the work engaged in by the accountants. However, in this accounting course, we only focus on 2 famous professors who have 2 different definitions of the accounting career: Peter Atrill and Gareth Morgan. These 2 doctors gave dissimilar knowledge about accounting but it is still useful to accountants or decision makers. This essay will explain these 2 definitions of both Morgan and Atrill, and a critical discussion that supports my opinion about the better description of the work of accountants. Firstly, Morgan proves that accountants are constructors of reality. Through the definitions in â€Å"Accounting as a metaphorical enterprise†, â€Å"Accounting and the myth of objectivity†, and â€Å"Accounting as an interpretive art† (Accounting, Organizations and Society, 1988, p. 490, 491,492), although accountants are confused by the process of reality construction, they still â€Å"grasp and articulate† complex realities into a fully-constituted entity. Moreover, accountants also have to catch and understand deeply the situations they are facing in a much more open-ended interpretive mode to broaden development as well as create intelligent or actionable insights. Gareth Morgan also expresses clearly about the role of accounting that: â€Å"â€Å"Accountants often see themselves as engaged in an objective, value-free, technical enterprise, representing reality â€Å"as is†. But in fact, they are subjective â€Å"constructors of reality†: presenting and representing the situations in limited and one-sided ways. They are not just technicians practising a technical craft. They are part of a much broader process of reality construction, producing partial and rather one-sided views of reality, exactly as an artist is obliged to produce a partial view of the reality he or she wished to represent† (Accounting, Organizations and Society, 1988, p. 477). Dr Morgan aims to demonstrate that accountants are not only technicians who serve in a technical craft enterprise as a tool. They do not only collect data and give it to users, but also study and analyze it. Accountants use the numerical figures to express their understanding about the measurement provided and find out what would be the best way in their collected information to release statement and their current situation. Therefore, they can control their operating business in right ways. Secondly, according to Peter Atrill, the definition of the nature and role of accounting is quite different. Dr Atrill suggests that accounting is the process of identifying, measuring and communication information to permit informed judgements and decisions by users of the information (Accounting an introduction 4, p. ). Accounting provides useful information for decision-makers who need to plan or control the businesses. For example, accounting provides information about the business operation or the performance of the business to external parties such as investors, creditors, and tax authorities or relevant users like suppliers or investors to examine, estimate, value, and make a decision (Princip les of Accounting, 2009). It also can be easily seen that the main purpose of accounting is preparing financial reports on a regular basic to perform to show the problems that company is facing if it is bad or not. Then, the company can find out the best way for the performance in the business enterprise. Besides, accounting also focus on measuring the alternative element in operating process such as what was the position at the beginning and ending of the period and what happened during the period to help their users to make rational choices about the allocation of scare resources (Accounting an introduction 4, p. 2). Finally, in a simplified way, Peter Atrill suggests an easy way to define the role of accounting: â€Å"Accounting is the art of recording, summarizing, eporting, and analyzing financial transactions† (What is Accounting, 2006). It cannot be denied that accounting is very important and necessary for every organization to collect and analyze information to make right decisions, adopt, and control better the performance in their business. Notice that the accountants relate to Atrill’s principle can satisfy their customers easily but without considerations about the in formation given to user. Meanwhile, according to Gareth Morgan, it is not simply only to record, summarize, report or analyze data and give it to users. .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .postImageUrl , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:hover , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:visited , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:active { border:0!important; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:active , .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223 .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u91b97bdbee88b03342e9b09635fea223:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Doll's House: A Push to Freedom EssayAccountants need to be more sensitive and careful to the information collected. They have to ensure that what they are accounting for will be appropriate and clear. So that, the y can provide a critical understanding of the multiple meanings and range of possible actions with which they are faced, then can develop the knack of reading complex situations with various scenarios in mind, and of forging actions appropriate to the understandings obtained (Organizations and Society, 1988, p. 484). Moreover, accountants relate to Morgan’s principle get their clear job to construct the reality. Accountants are not like practitioners working in a technical craft anymore. They do not only collect and analyze data like general, but they also have an influence integral to the operation of company or organisation, even they can bring the company significant benefits or advantages. However, every company considers the pros and cons in this definition; everything gets its 2 opposite sides. Accountants may have uncontrollable activities when they got more power in the company or organization by changing the entity. Because of the involvement of many financial transactions and the accountants have their own ways to record and interpret the numbers, data or information, so, the reality may be bent to hide whatever secret of that company from users. Maybe they want to attract the investment from users although there is a bad situation that their company is incurring. And then, who get the highest risk are still users because they cannot know whether the information they received is accurate or not. In another case, there is an example about the decision to write the purchase of an asset off as an expense right away or capitalize and then depreciate it. Whichever decision is made changes the picture represented by the books. I might choose to capitalize the asset, while another might choose to expense it. Hence, there are 2 possible different â€Å"pictures†. And thats just for one transaction. Over the years, two different accountants would generally have created quite different sets of books pictures for the same set of financial transactions (Accounting definition-Gareth Morgan, 2009). These 2 above examples referred 2 limitations in Morgan’s definition. However, the definition of Gareth Morgan is still more adequate than Atrill’s one because Morgan concentrate deeply not only on the accountants’ tasks but also on the reality and broader concept of the nature and role of accounting in companies. In addition, it also considers the tension that exits between â€Å"the world as viewed by the accountant†, and â€Å"the world in a wide sense† which help accountants easily characterize relations between accounting, organizations and society. In conclusion, Peter Atrill and Gareth Morgan are popular with their definitions. Everyone has their own explanations and suggestions about the role of accounting. Overall, Although there are some dark sides in Morgan’s theory and Atrill defines with easier theory to understand, Morgan’s definition still have better description.

Personal Statement for a Traineeship Application

Personal Statement for a Traineeship Application Motivation letter is one of the most fundamental parts of your traineeship application. It’s your chance to make your application stand out and demonstrate your passion and dedication towards your career and academic success at the same time. Most applicants struggle to write a personal statement or motivation essay  for a traineeship, but it doesn’t have to be too difficult. Basically, your job is to write why they should hire you, your goals and so on. There are no specific topics you should discuss and most applications don’t require specific length. For example, you don’t have to meet 500-word count. Your motivation letter for traineeship can be between 50 and 200 words long, or a little bit more. Someone can write a letter 800-words long while another person can write only 200 and still have a better statement. It’s about quality, not quantity. It’s important to be specific, clear, and precise. In order to write a high-quality motivation letter, it’s essential to read the traineeship requirements not only because you want to ensure you match them, but because it’s good to reflect them in the essay. Another useful thing you can do is to do a little research, use all perks that Google offers, and find out as much as you can about the organization, company, university etc. You can mention some things in the essay to show that you truly appreciate that institution and everything it stands for. Just like with CV, you should avoid using I too often in the essay for the traineeship. The reason is simple; you don’t want the entire essay to focus only on you but on the traineeship program and the organization. Your goal is to describe how everyone can benefit by choosing you for that position: you get to learn, they get to work with a reliable and trustworthy person who’s willing to learn and absorb. With that being said, your traineeship motivation letter should include the following: Who you are – introduce yourself without making it look like you’re bragging or complaining. Make it professional! Why you assume you’re the perfect fit for the program – when you come to this part, you just have to write your key skills and characteristics that make you ideal for the program. Express your desire to learn, dedication, strict work ethic What do YOU bring to the table – use a sentence or two to describe how the organization can benefit from accepting your application. Again, it’s important to make sure it doesn’t look like you’re bragging. Be realistic and humble, yet confident Your career goal/how will traineeship help you reach it On the next page, you’ll find an example of how to compose motivation letter that will say a lot without using too many words. Remember, motivation letters for traineeship don’t have to be too long! If you are confused with some points of this type of paper writing you can use professional help and say  write my personal statement for me because experienced writers from writing service are available and ready to help.

Free Essays on Heron Of Alexandria

Heron of Alexandria By: Mark Carson Another worker in applied mathematics belonging to the period under consideration was Heron of Alexandria. His much disputed date, with possibilities ranging from 150 BC to 250 AD, has recently been plausibly placed in the second half of the first century AD. His works on mathematical and physical subjects are so numerous and varied that it is customary to describe him as an encyclopedic writer in these fields. There are reasons to suppose he was an Egyptian with Greek training. At any rate his writings, which so often aim at practical utility rather than theoretical completeness, show a curious blend of the Greek and the Oriental. He did much to furnish a scientific foundation for engineering and land surveying. Fourteen or so treatises by Heron, some evidently considerably edited, have come down to us, and there are references to additional last works. Heron’s works may be divided into two classes, the geometrical and the mechanical. The geometrical works deal largely with p roblems on mensuration and the mechanical ones with descriptions of ingenious mechanical devices. The most important of Heron’s geometrical works in his Metrica, written in three books and discovered in Constantinople by R. Schà ¶ne as recently as 1896. Book 1 deals with the area mensuration of squares, rectangles, triangles, triangles, trapezoids, various other specialized quadrilaterals, the regular polygons from the equilateral triangle to the regular dodecagon, circles and their segments, ellipses, parabolic segments, and the surfaces of cylinders, cones, spheres, and spherical zones. (Eves, 146.) He is best remembered for having discovered how to find the area of a triangle in terms of the lengths of its sides and for having invented an early steam-powered machine. In fact he created many interesting mechanical devices besides the steam engine and wrote a treatise on surveying (Dioptrica). In his Mechanica, part ... Free Essays on Heron Of Alexandria Free Essays on Heron Of Alexandria Heron of Alexandria By: Mark Carson Another worker in applied mathematics belonging to the period under consideration was Heron of Alexandria. His much disputed date, with possibilities ranging from 150 BC to 250 AD, has recently been plausibly placed in the second half of the first century AD. His works on mathematical and physical subjects are so numerous and varied that it is customary to describe him as an encyclopedic writer in these fields. There are reasons to suppose he was an Egyptian with Greek training. At any rate his writings, which so often aim at practical utility rather than theoretical completeness, show a curious blend of the Greek and the Oriental. He did much to furnish a scientific foundation for engineering and land surveying. Fourteen or so treatises by Heron, some evidently considerably edited, have come down to us, and there are references to additional last works. Heron’s works may be divided into two classes, the geometrical and the mechanical. The geometrical works deal largely with p roblems on mensuration and the mechanical ones with descriptions of ingenious mechanical devices. The most important of Heron’s geometrical works in his Metrica, written in three books and discovered in Constantinople by R. Schà ¶ne as recently as 1896. Book 1 deals with the area mensuration of squares, rectangles, triangles, triangles, trapezoids, various other specialized quadrilaterals, the regular polygons from the equilateral triangle to the regular dodecagon, circles and their segments, ellipses, parabolic segments, and the surfaces of cylinders, cones, spheres, and spherical zones. (Eves, 146.) He is best remembered for having discovered how to find the area of a triangle in terms of the lengths of its sides and for having invented an early steam-powered machine. In fact he created many interesting mechanical devices besides the steam engine and wrote a treatise on surveying (Dioptrica). In his Mechanica, part ...

History and Invention of the Post-It Note

History and Invention of the Post-It Note The Post-it Note (also sometimes called a sticky note) is a small piece of paper with a re-adherable strip of glue on its back, made for temporarily attaching notes to documents and other surfaces. Art Fry The Post-it Note may have been a godsend, literally. In the early 1970s, Art Fry was in search of a bookmark for his church hymnal that would neither fall out nor damage the hymnal. Fry noticed that a colleague at 3M, Doctor Spencer Silver, had developed an adhesive in 1968 that was strong enough to stick to surfaces, but left no residue after removal and could be repositioned. Fry took some of Silvers adhesive and applied it along the edge of a piece of paper. His church hymnal problem was solved. The New Type of Bookmark - Post-It Note Fry soon realized that his bookmark had other potential functions when he used it to leave a note on a work file, and co-workers kept dropping by, seeking bookmarks for their offices. This bookmark was a new way to communicate and to organize. 3M Corporation crafted the name Post-it Note for Arthur Frys new bookmarks and began production in the late 70s for commercial use. Pushing the Post-It Note In 1977, test markets failed to show consumer interest. However in 1979, 3M implemented a massive consumer sampling strategy, and the Post-it Note took off. Today, we see the Post-it Note peppered across files, computers, desks, and doors in offices and homes throughout the country. From a church hymnal bookmark to an office and home essential, the Post-it Note has colored the way we work. In 2003, 3M came out with Post-It Brand Super Sticky Notes, with a stronger glue that adheres better to vertical and non-smooth surfaces. Arthur Fry Background Fry was born in Minnesota. As a child, he showed signs of being an inventor making his own toboggans from scraps of wood. Arthur Fry attended the University of Minnesota, where he studied Chemical Engineering. While still a student in 1953, Fry began working for 3M in New Product Development he stayed with 3M his entire working life. Spencer Silver Background Silver was born in San Antonio. In 1962, he received his bachelor of science degree in chemistry from Arizona State University. In 1966, he received his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the University of Colorado. In 1967, he became a senior chemist for 3Ms Central Research Labs specializing in adhesives technology. Silver is also an accomplished painter. He has  received more than 20 U.S. patents. Popular Culture In 2012, a Turkish artist was selected to have a solo exhibition at a gallery in Manhattan. The exhibition, titled E Pluribus Unum (Latin for Out of many, one), opened November 15, 2012, and featured large-scale works on Post-it Notes. In 2001, Rebecca Murtaugh, a California artist who uses Post-it Notes in her artwork, created an installation by covering her whole bedroom with $1,000 worth of the notes, using the ordinary yellow for objects she saw as having less value and neon colors for more important objects, such as the bed. In 2000, the 20th anniversary of Post-it Notes was celebrated by having artists create artworks on the notes.

Leadership in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Leadership in Business - Essay Example There are various factors which may impact the leadership style in an organization including the background of the manager, behavior and background of the staff and the organization’s vision, philosophy and values (Anonym). Leadership capacities may also vary from individual to individual like the different mental and physical capabilities of the individuals (Clippinger). Since the leadership styles vary a lot in businesses therefore, analyzing the best leadership style is an important area for the organizations. The aim of this report is to highlight the type of power which the leaders have employed in an organization and to evaluate whether the particular leadership styles have been successful or not in the organization. The organization that has been selected for analysis is Save the Children US. I have selected a non-profit organization because such organizations face huge management challenges. Leaders in NGOs are exposed to extraordinary challenges and both at the organi zational and personal level because they have to work for long hours with very limited resources and mostly under politically volatile and poorly economic conditions (Hailey). Save the Children is recognized as a leading independent organization which aims to create lasting impact in the lives of Children in the U.S. and in various countries of the world (Save the Children). Before going into the details of whether leadership at Save the Children has contributed to its success or not, evaluating the leadership styles in the organization is important. The managerial grid of Blake and Mouton (1964) shows the behavioral characteristics of the successful leaders (Zeidan). The following managerial grid (Table I) shows five types of managerial leaderships based on product concern and people orientation of leaders. In theory â€Å"Team management† is considered ideal for successful leadership however, its implementation is difficult in some work situations (SW Learning Website). At

Major Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 12500 words

Major Assignment - Research Paper Example His horsemen using bows and arrows conquered vast stretches of land in Asia from the present day Beijing in China in the east to parts of present day Iran in the west. Genghis Khan is also credited with establishing an administrative structure based on laws and regulations which enabled his nomadic people to administer the vast empire. Genghis Khan is also reviled in history for the brutality he inflicted on his opponents in war (Jarus). Since the mid-seventeenth century until the end of the cold war era in the early 1990s, Mongolia was cut off from the rest of the world. It was under the control of various Chinese ruling dynasties until the early 1900s. From the time of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia in 1917, Mongolia became a communist country and a part of the Soviet bloc. From the early 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia is transitioning into a multi-party democracy. In recent times, Mongolia has caught the world’s attention due to the discovery of an estimated $ 1.3 trillion value of mineral wealth in the country. The minerals include coal, copper, oil, gold, silver, iron ore, tin and uranium. Foreign mining companies have started investing vast sums in the mining industry causing the GDP to rise at over 14% a year, the fastest in the world (Eurasianet). Mongolia is aiming to use its mineral wealth to attract interest from the United States and other countries as the means of balancing the dominance of its large neighbors, China and Russia. This has been enunciated by the Mongolian parliament as â€Å" the third neighbor policy†. The US and other countries see an opportunity in Mongolia to create a strategic zone of influence in the neighborhood of China and Russia (Wachman). This research paper would help serve as an introduction to Mongolia which shapes to be a country that would frequently be in the news in the United States and around the world in the near

Italian Aggression in Abyssinia Essay Example for Free

Italian Aggression in Abyssinia Essay Background: Benito Mussolini was the dictator of Italy. He wanted to increase Italian influence in Abyssinia (today’s Ethiopia). Long before Mussolini came to power, Italy had tried to take over Abyssinia in 1896 and had suffered an embarrassing defeat. Mussolini wanted revenge for this defeat. He also wanted the natural resources of Abyssinia. Mussolini dreamed of building a big empire for Italy that would be like the ancient Roman Empire. The attack: In 1934, Mussolini made plans to invade Abyssinia. The Emperor of Abyssinia, Haile Selassie, asked the League of Nations for help. Between January and October 1935, Mussolini held talks with the League about avoiding a war in Abyssinia. However, he continued to prepare his army for an invasion of Abyssinia. In October 1935, Mussolini began a full-scale invasion of Abyssinia. The Italian Army had an advantage because it was more modern than the Abyssinian Army. The Italians had guns and planes, while the Abyssinians had spears and bows. What the League did: The League held a meeting to discuss the crisis in Abyssinia. The League’s members had a long debate before deciding that they would stop selling their goods to Italy. However these goods only included rubber and metal. The League took a longer time to decide if it should ban the export of oil to Italy. The League had another way of stopping the war. The fastest way for Italy to send Italian troops and supplies to Abyssinia was by ship and these ships had to pass through the Suez Canal to get to there. The Suez Canal was under British control, so the British could have blocked the Italian ships that were on their way to Abyssinia. However, they did not do this as they thought it would lead to war with Italy. British Foreign Minister Samuel Hoare and French Foreign Minister Pierre Laval held secret talks with Mussolini. They wanted to avoid a war, so they were willing to give Mussolini two-thirds of Abyssinia if he withdrew his troops. Britain and France called it the Hoare-Laval Plan. News of these talks was leaked by the French press. People in Britain and France were angry that their governments had not stopped the Italian invasion. They forced their governments to drop their plan to give Italy control of Abyssinia. The fighting in Abyssinia continued, so Mussolini turned to Hitler for help. Italy completed its takeover of Abyssinia in May 1936. Reasons for adopting policy of appeasement Reason 1 * How can anyone forget World War 1? If we do not make peace with Hitler today, then there will be another war in Europe and millions of young men will die. We are willing to give Hitler what he wants as long as it prevents another war in Europe. Reason 2Â  * The British economy was badly damaged by World War 1 and the Great Depression. The government needs to rebuild the economy. The economy would be destroyed by another war. Reason 3 * Germany has modernised its military and is ready to fight a war. Britain and France are not ready. Appeasement will give us more time to modernise our armies. Reason 4 * We are having problems in many parts of our big empire. The colonies, like India and Palestine, want independence. We do not have the troops to keep order in our colonies and fight a war in Europe at the same time. Reason 5Â  * Britain and France cannot win a war against Germany. We can only win if the USA supports us. However, the USA is currently following a policy of isolation. It won’t get involved with other nations. Reason 6Â  * Most Britons feel that Communism is a far greater threat than Nazism. A strong Germany will prevent Communism from spreading to Central and Western Europe. Reason 7 * Many Britons believe that the Treaty of Versailles was unfair to Germany. Hitler is merely making this treaty less unfair. Once these problems are solved, Germany will become a peaceful nation again. The Munich Agreement Chamberlain went to Germany three times in September 1938 to ask Hitler not to start a war in Europe. At the first meeting on 15 September, Hitler said that he only wanted those parts of the Sudetenland where there were many Germans and only if they voted to join Germany. Chamberlain felt that Hitler’s request was reasonable. On 19 September, the British and the French informed the Czechs of the outcome of the meeting and that it was agreed to let Hitler have certain parts of the Sudetenland. At the second meeting on 22 September, Hitler said that he wanted all of the Sudetenland. He said the Czech government was ill-treating the Germans living there. It looked as if Hitler was ready to go to war at any moment. The British Army was mobilized but Chamberlain was still determined to avoid war. He wanted a third meeting. The third meeting, arranged by Mussolini, was held in Munich, Germany on 29 September. Representatives from Britain, France, Italy and Germany attended the meeting, which was called the Munich Conference. Czechoslovakia and the USSR were not invited. Britain and France said that they would not stop Germany from taking the Sudetenland. In exchange, Germany promised Britain and France that it would not take any more land in Europe. Chamberlain returned to Britain a very happy man. He had prevented war from breaking out. He said that the Munich Agreement had brought about ‘peace for our time.’ The Course of WW2 in Europe, 1939 – 1945 From 1939 to 1941, Hitler and his allies won many battles. They conquered most of Europe, except Britain. In 1941, Hitler turned East and invaded the USSR. The harsh winter and strong Russian defence forced the Germans to retreat by December 1942. By early 1944, the Soviet Army began to regain most of the land that it had lost. It also liberated the East European countries and the Balkans from the control of German troops. By 1945, it began to move towards Berlin. In the Battle of El Alamein, the Allied powers won and drove the combined forces of the Germans and Italians out of North Africa. They soon moved into Italy through the island of Sicily on 10 July 1943, with the Italian capital of Rome falling to the Allies on 4 June 1944. On 6 June 1944, a multinational force of British, American, Canadian and other Allied soldiers landed on the beaches of Normandy in Northern France. These amphibious landings became known as the D-Day landings. In August the same year, Paris was freed from Nazi rule. Soviet troops were advancing rapidly into the German capital of Berlin from the East, while the combined British and American forces moved in from the West. On 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide so that he would not be captured by British, American or Russian troops. On 7 May 1945, Germany’s armies surrendered. The war in Europe was over.

A Judge’s Decision Has Potential Bias Due To Crime :: Legal Research Papers

A Judge’s Decision Has Potential Bias Due To Crime Introduction A Clemson University Student named Erin Brophy did an experiment to see if there was potential bias in a legal case depending on the crime. She did this after hearing about an experiment performed by Dr. Ben Stephens and Dr. Spurgeon Cole. They wanted to know if a prior association between a lawyer and a judge had potential judicial bias. Erin Brophy found that there is no difference in crime whether a judge will be biased. She surveyed people to see what their opinion was. The two crimes in her study were burglary and murder (Brophy). Because there was no difference in her experiment, we wanted to make the differences in the crimes more extreme. We wanted to find whether there is a difference between shoplifting and murder. We predicted that there will be more bias for the lawyer in the murder case and that the judge should be removed. Methods We gave the survey to 160 people for this experiment. There were 16 experiments and each experiment collected 10 surveys, five with the crime being shoplifting and the other half being murder. There was a lot of variability in selection methods. One example was selecting friends to take the survey. The participants included both male and females. The final sample size was 120 people. 64% were females and 36% were males. The age range of the participants was 17 to 25. The mean age was 19.69. Materials A survey was given to the participants to see if the judge would be bias for or against the attorney, and if he should be removed from the case. The survey asked the person’s gender and age. The next two questions asked if there was potential bias for and against the attorney. The last question asked if the judge should be excused from the case. The type of crime had two different versions. On half of the surveys, the crime was shoplifting and the other half was murder. The measurement of the bias from the questions was by circling â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no.

Parents in Islam Essay

All the praise and glory belongs to Allah swt who is the Sustainer and Cherisher of the worlds. The closest meaning of the word ‘Rab’ is sustainer and cherisher. Allah swt is ‘Rab’ in the global sense. He is the ‘Rab’ of every living and non-living particle of any size that exists in this whole universe. All the sovereignty of heaven and earth belongs only to Him. Allah swt at various places in the Holy Quran invites, dictates and warns the people of all religions and races to love, respect and to be compassionate with the Parents. He educates the mankind a special sense of dignity, honor and respect to be given to the parents. Undoubtedly He is the ultimate authority and the cherisher but in order to show the importance of the parents He goes on to say in Sura-e-Kahf (17:24) â€Å"Qul rabbir ham huma kama rabbayani saghira†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which means He instructs the mankind to pray for them by calling ‘O my Lord! Have mercy on them (my parents) as they cherished me when I was little’. Here He wants the mankind to understand the magnitude of dignity, honour and respect that parents deserve by calling them as a cherisher even after the fact that He being the ultimate cherisher. He elevated their position to a very high degree by explaining to mankind that the parents share what I do in terms of sustaining and cherishing the children when they are little. Although the word ‘Rab’ used here is in a specific sense and to show the high degree of importance of the parents to the mankind, He is actually commanding mankind to honor and respect their parents exactly in the same manner as one would honor and respect Allah swt himself. This obedience is only in terms of honor & respect and not in terms of prostration and prayers (ibadat). The prayer (ibadat) is only done specific to Allah swt. There are many places in Holy Quran & traditions of Masoomeen (a.s.) that addresses the issue of special honor and respect to be given to the parents and they uphold a special and elevated position in the eyes of Islam. There is an authentic hadith that the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.) said: â€Å"Paradise is under the feet of the mothers!† In another tradition he reinforced:†The pleasure of parents is the pleasure of Allah, and the anger of parents is the anger of Allah.† Amirul Momineen Imam Ali (a.s.) explained: â€Å"Honoring parents is one of the noblest characteristics.† Imam Sadiq (a.s.) explained: â€Å"If a person desires a long life and blessings, he must honor his parents and stay in contact with kin.† Imam Reza (a.s.) said: â€Å"The Almighty Allah commands that thanks be given to Him and to parents. Whoever fails to thank his parents does not thank Allah.† The divine Imams (a.s.) even warned us from misbehavior and disobedience to the parents. The sixth Imam Sadiq (AS) said: â€Å"Disobedience towards the parents is a heinous sin, for Allah has made the disobedient one rebellious and hard.† He also warned, â€Å"The mildest form of ill conduct towards parents is â€Å"uff†, and if Allah knew something lesser than that, He would have forbidden it.† While explaining the verse, â€Å"And lower unto them the wing of submission through mercy† (Al-Quran 17:24), sixth Imam (a.s.) said: â€Å"When you look at them, do not fill your eyes with anything else but mercy and sympathy, and do not raise your voice above their voice, and do not put your hand above theirs, and do not go in front of them!† Commenting upon the ayat, â€Å"And say kind words unto them,† Imam al Sadiq (a.s.) said: â€Å"If they strike you, say to them: May Allah forgive you both.† Thus, it is incumbent on us to abide by the teachings of Holy Quran and to be steadfast & follow the teachings of Ahlu’l-Bayt (a.s.). Disobeying parents is disobeying the verses of Holy Quran & denying the teachings of Masoomeen (a.s.). This is making mockery of Allah’s commands and Allah swt warns those people: â€Å"The warning not to take the communications of Allah for mockery†, Baqarah, 2:231 â€Å"Evil was the end of those who rejected the communications of Allah and mocked at them†, Room 30:10 â€Å"Do not sit with people who mock at the communications of Allah otherwise you will end in Hell with them†, Nisa, 4:140 Thus it is very important to abide by the command of Allah swt that says, ‘Your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and be kind to parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, do not say ‘uff’ to them or chide them, but speak to them in terms of honor and kindness. Treat them with humility, and say, ‘My Lord! Have mercy on them, for they did care for me when I was little’ (17:23)

Current Historical Examples Constraints Opportunities Work Organisation Economics Essay

Work administration ( WO ) has a great and important impact non merely on a micro-firm degree but besides on national and planetary degrees as it influences political, societal and economic systems. WO is a wide construct with no rigorous definition as it deals with the manner work is organised and managed. The most successful and widely used signifier of WO is the capitalist labor procedure ( CLP ) , as can be seen by the laterality, success and increasing influence of western ( Anglo-Saxon ) CLP. There are nevertheless legion alternate work administration ( AWO ) structures in pattern in many states around the universe, many with their ain viing political, economic and societal political orientation, born out of historical and cultural patterns or revolution. Nevertheless in an progressively globalized and competitory universe AWO constructions have to turn out their sustainability and profitableness, while foregrounding their possible benefits over CLP, disputing the position quo and reshaping the predominating ideas on current signifiers of work administration. In this essay I will look at the both theoretical and practical facets of AWO both in a current and historical context and compare it with the CLP on a planetary degree. We begin with the CLP ‘s which is an economic and societal system where capital and the non-labour factors of production ( the agency of production ) are in private controlled to bring forth a trade good which has exchange-value every bit good as surplus-value, ( value of trade good is greater than the amount of the values of the trade goods used to bring forth it ) , in order to do a net income. Production is technically and socially organised to pull out maximal net income which is cardinal to CLP, therefore it is in the best involvement of capitalist/management to arouse the consent of workers in add-on to straight commanding them in order to use their creativeness and inventiveness of the work force ( Braverman, 1974 ) . Furthermore, labour, goods and capital are traded in markets ; and net incomes distributed to proprietors or invested in engineerings and industries. The chief characteristics of CLP are ; workers work for the capitalist, non for themselves and are separated from the agencies of production, ( the merchandise and its production procedure belong to the capitalist ) . They ( workers ) can non transform nature and autonomously supply their ain support as they do non hold entree to raw stuffs ( land or minerals ) or means of production ( tools and machines ) or proficient cognition. Additionally, workers work in an environment controlled in a â€Å" proper † mode set-out by the capitalist ( working-rules ) , they have nil to sell other than their labor ( but, unlike slaves, they are ‘free ‘ to sell it ) . However in order to last they must sell their labor to capitalists in return for rewards as a agency to last, this acts as a self-motivating factor to roll up resources ( money ) for themselves. Criticism of CLP is chiefly based around disaffection, where the worker is unable to command their work and work environment. This is due to the division of labor, which is the contracting down of the set of single undertakings and procedures in production, and seen as the thrust for profitableness and efficiency ( Braverman, 1974 ) . The division of labor is necessary in order to spread out production appropriate cognition and better engineering. Consequently, the liberty, creativeness and ability of the single employee were made wholly independent of work. Marx points out the following points of disaffection under capitalist economy, ( 1 ) Alienation from the merchandises of their labor, workers do non command what they produce taking to the inability to fulfill basic demands ( nutrient, apparels etc ) straight through their work. This was further increased by the distance between the figure of things produced and workers lack of entree to them, taking to stuff, cultural and moral poverty. ( 2 ) Alienation from the activity of work itself which led to a decrease in the creativeness lost with control of Labour Process ( LP ) given to the employer. Work becomes a agency to last hence more mentally and physically wash uping. ( 3 ) Workers are alienated from each other and the atomization of undertaking undermines cooperation farther estranging workers. They are besides made to vie with each other in a perpendicular hierarchal construction. Therefore alienated workers merely feel themselves outside work devising leisure go necessary to get the better of disaffection. This could take to a inclination to de-skilling in both fabrication and service industry. As a consequence ‘workers bring forthing more than their pay ‘ would take to the death of capitalist economy ( Marx, 1976 ) . Marx defined work as ‘a procedure between adult male and nature, by which adult male through his ain actions mediates, regulates and controls the metamorphosis between himself and nature ‘ . He emphasised that worlds should merely take and transform plenty for their basic demands. His ideal construct of work, which should do worlds experience self developed and self realized. Not like under capitalist economy where workers have no freedom or equality. This therefore led to the ideological and practical formation of AWO as a extremist battle of rank and file scheme for corporate action peculiarly in relation to the LP, decision-making, workers ‘ corporate actions and battles for emancipation from capitalists. AWOs consist of some of the undermentioned, Co-operativism which can be operated otherwise due to in different civilizations, and a proposal for an alternate economic system which is a participatory economic sciences. Co-operativism is a different manner of organizing concern through common ownership and democratic control of the endeavor. It differs from the capitalist economy in a figure of ways, unlike under capitalist economy power depends on the figure of portions owned by persons, there is non a hierarchal direction construction and net incomes and duties are shared every bit in co-ops. It operates basically to carry through the demands of their members. It seeks to supply the goods and services which their members need, for illustration, instruction and preparation are provided to better the ego development of workers, and it is the members who benefit most when the concern is successful. Another one of the major features of co-operatives is worker self-management ( WSM ) , this is the thought that those who produce should command their workplaces ; it is more than merely an economic activity and a agency of endurance. It is a beginning of originative fulfillment, self-development, self-actualisation and realization of one ‘s humanity through productive activity. The intent of being self managed was to spread out the chances for free originative activity by saving on labour clip during which people where obliged to execute activities which met their physical demands ( Marx, 1992 ) . The benefits of co-ops through WSM would be that all citizens/workers would be equal and have a say or ownership in the agencies of production that would let them to concentrate on what they are comparatively best at. In this alternate, net income is non the chief nonsubjective but alternatively the sweetening of person ‘s capablenesss by revolving undertakings and transforming work into an enriching, originative and socially utile agencies of being while extinguishing the disaffection of CLP construction. However there is no specific manner in which the co-ops is carried out and different states and parts have differing co-ops harmonizing to their civilization and societal and political systems as the undermentioned illustrations will demo: Advocates of the existent socialism tradition, which is a radical option imposed by authorities based on collectives. The province is directed to act like every bit houses in a capitalist economic system, contend that it combines the advantages of a planned economic system with the efficiencies that result from the usage of markets as an exchange mechanism ( Estrin 1991 ) . Get downing with the most utmost signifier which was communism and was most apparent in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ) , the system seeks to pull off both the economic system and society through a cardinal authorities which ensures centralized control and corporate ownership of belongings to accomplish both classlessness and statelessness. The design was that the province would keep the state ‘s assets in trust for the workers who would be working for their ain and general and each other ‘s good with all being equal. This political orientation spread across Europe including Poland and Czechoslovakia in the early 1900s and took on assorted signifiers, such as, in the former Yugoslavia where workers ‘ council were established at the behest of the workers ( Sturmthal, 1964 ) due to the dissatisfaction with the bureaucratic and statist discrepancy of socialism. In Russia, nevertheless, representative and regulating map of the first workers ‘ council were replaced with a more political and bureaucratic theoretical account. Most endeavors and industries were nationalized and the province controlled virtually all facets of work and production, with workers holding small say. In 1948 nevertheless Yugoslavia was expelled from the communist Eastern axis and accordingly lost the Eastern markets. Political and economic isolation forced the Yugoslav leaders to experiment with new economic theoretical accounts ( Schrenk, et al 1979 ) . Under the new construct of â€Å" societal ownership † ( although this is still the existent socialism tradition, but different at some facets ) , neither the province nor single citizens nor workers lawfully owned the assets or capital of productive endeavors. Rather, assets were made available to single independent endeavors, which were in bend governed by the new workers ‘ councils ( Huselid, 1995 ) . Collectives were besides free to put their ain internal pay ratios. The purpose was to increase worker engagement in the decision-making procedure and was widely viewed as critical in procuring and heightening employee satisfaction and productiveness in organisations ( Witt, 1992 ) . As a consequence Yugoslavia experienced a comparative economic roar between 1950 and the mid-1970s, when the state had one of the highest growing rates in the universe ( Sturmthal, 1964 ) . Another good illustration of co-ops is the democratic community-Kibbutz system runing in Israel, this can besides be seen as a type of co-ops named socialist tradition which opposes to private belongings and capitalist economy and has multifunctional concerted communities. More features of how this type operates can be found in the undermentioned illustration: In the mid-1970s in Kibbutz, it was the ‘normative ‘ theoretical account of pull offing industry through its internal political organic structures. In its authoritative signifier merely members participated in the disposal and direction of all domains of life on the Kibbutz, to stress equality, many works directors had same uniforms as their workers. The chief ends were industrialisation and for persons to recognize their accomplishments and abilities which would take to an economic roar, while accomplishing direct democracy, freedom and autonomy in labor. Other purposes were to advance exports, defense mechanism production and cut down imports. The theoretical accounts characteristics of self-management include ; single freedom, corporate ownership of industrial workss, outgos and income besides belonged to the Kibbutz. The democratically elected Kibbutz assembly made determinations on production and investing programs. The Kibbutz system enjoyed success for many old ages prior to the mid-1980s. Palgi ( 1984 ) stated that compared to workers under capitalist mills, workers in Kibbutz workss had more chances to open them for promotion and in make up one's minding how the work would be carried out. However despite the diminution of the Kibbutz co-op system, elements of it have been adopted across the Earth, one such illustration of a current industrial democracy is Suma Wholefoods Coop, a just trade and organic merchandise distribution house established in 1974 in the UK. The house considers itself a ‘radical concern ‘ as it does non organize itself in a conventional manner such as through division of labor and separation between direction and worker, and hierarchy system. All worker proprietors are responsible for direction and involved in determination devisings for major strategic issues, company officers are appointed by the direction commission, and most ‘radically ‘ all workers from officers to warehouse baggers are on the same rewards and they are encouraged to make assorted occupations with different accomplishments, for illustration, drivers will work in the warehouse or in the office for two yearss a hebdomad. This is to promote multi-skilling and occupation rotary motion, in a command to hike morale and self-fulfilment and a sense of worth as envisaged by Marx. Another different type of co-ops is economic crisis tradition, which defends thoughts of common belongings, common work, equal wages and workplace democracy. An illustration of economic crisis tradition is the Bauen hotel in Argentina, which was reopened and operated as a co-op in summer 2004 after following the state ‘s fiscal prostration ( 2001- 2002 ) . Today, despite an on-going ownership struggle with the ex-owner over the legal expropriation of the edifice, the Bauen operates at 80 % capacity and has hired about 80 extra workers. The hierarchal and autocratic signifiers of organisation that characterized work-life at the hotel in the yesteryear have been officially replaced by corporate decision-making procedures and an classless ethos, free of from foremans and directors. Another illustration of co-ops is seen in the solidarity and concerted motion in Venezuela, where the purposes are non merely those of the co-ops and WSM ends but to besides to beef up Venezuelan independency and sovereignty, by puting up a national production web to cut down dependance on imports and foreign. â€Å" The different attacks adopted since 2000 were foremost a strengthening of co-ops, chiefly through revenue enhancement inducements. Then the creative activity of Social production companies [ EPS ] and eventually the Socialistic Enterprises every bit good as the construct of endogenous development, normative orientation of production organisation, and province occupation preparation † ( Azzellini, 2009 ) . The overall end was ab initio defined as a â€Å" humanistic and solidarity economic system. † In an EPS, an employee ‘s place should non give him or her any privileges, and the internal organisation of work should follow a democratic theoretical account. Work activities would be rotated, and disaffection in the production procedure should be bit by bit abolished. EPS are directed to weigh societal net income more than private net income, and direct their production toward societal demands instead than along the lines of selling and capital accretion. They are besides directed to put portion of their net incomes ( 10-15 % ) in local societal undertakings and substructure, incorporating themselves into the surrounding communities through the community councils, every bit good as being transparent and publically accountable ( Azzellini, 2009 ) . We can see from above that all these signifiers of co-ops have similarities in that there is less managerial supervising as determinations are meant to be made democratically due to the higher equality amongst members. This besides means, more enriching as net incomes are every bit shared out. Cooperatives can besides be implemented on a national or steadfast degree due to their flexibleness and the fact that they incorporate like-minded people. The advantages of all these signifiers of co-ops were improved societal contact in the on the job collective and enhanced equality. When doing determinations together, workers communicate more with each other and with their directors. In the self-management system, workers â€Å" exercise control over work † while take parting in the direction procedure and workers besides viewed the system positively ( Grandjean & A ; ToA? , 1987 ) . However the AWO constructions portion many of the same drawbacks, and the same facets that made these options attractive are now the designers of their ruin and oppugning their feasibleness in an progressively globalised and competitory profit-driven universe economic system. Market competition challenges these accomplishments, as workers can command and make up one's mind production, but can non independently act upon the market ( monetary values, crisis, offer and demand ) . The market hence can non suit consensus but immediate determinations. Most of these AWO besides suffered from technological retardation and a deficiency of sufficient capital as they had different attacks to profitableness and efficiency every bit compared to capitalist economy. This is most apparent in Argentina where mills were the victims of the market oriented reforms which opened the economic system to international competition ( Atzeni & A ; Ghigliani, 2007 ) . Problems are farther compounded by the demand to hold democratic constructions and decision-making surveies in four Argentinean mills found that where each worker can freely show sentiments and acquire involved in decision-making guaranteed by legislative act ( Atzeni & A ; Ghigliani, 2007 ) . The possibility of coercing direction councils to name a mass meeting provided that a minimal figure of workers formulate a common petition creates a changeless tenseness which ever seems to be present between the demand to portion information, corporate decision-making, and the demand to centralise the same procedure in the custodies of a restricted figure of workers. Decisions need to be taken in relation to concern, and by the most competent people. There therefore should be a priori docket for interfering with the democratic decision-making procedure. In regard of this facet, a inclination to cut down the infinite for corporate decision-making can be discerned and accordingly there occurs a natural separation between production and direction workers. Furthermore this besides created a farther job in AWOs because most workers lacked the needed cognition and competency to do the necessary investing and fiscal determinations, and as a consequence, there are inclinations towards the intrenchment of decision-making elites within the worker councils over clip ( Obradovic, 1975 ) . Frequent occupation and leader ( s ) rotary motion seen as a solution can take to a state of affairs in which unqualified people were running the economic system and lead to incorrect determination devising and hapless leading and administration. Besides the democratic decision-making procedure can be slow therefore losing the concern chances and hence bing money. Furthermore, the sophisticated industrial works of today agencies that non everyone can make the same occupation as some require specialist cognition acquired through expensive higher acquisition or old ages of experience in order to bring forth maximal efficiency. This limits the worker ‘s ability to present alterations in the LP, the proficient division of labor shows no significant differences with the production of capitalist economy. Another major challenge for AWO ‘s is how to actuate workers while at the same clip alining their ends with the long-run involvements of the organisation. Some critics argued that these systems encourage inordinate pay payments, such as can in Suma Wholefoods where they all every bit paid despite their work. Plus unsustainable occupation security warrants, and other inefficient patterns and inducement jobs ( Kavcic & A ; Cibron 1992 ) . One key job cited in this respect was local workers council penchants for pay and employment protection at the disbursal of capital reinvestment in the endeavor, since workers lost all claims to a house ‘s future returns if they exited the house. This may hold generated a inclination to favor current income over long-run investing ( Estrin 1991 ) . This besides applies to other signifiers of AWOs. It has been argued that the aggregative system of self-management had an built-in inclination toward high unemployment because income is every bit shared, hence there is a opposition by bing members to take on new employees as incumbent workers are interested in income maximization. Workers councils hence did non cut down unemployment rates to the extent that might be expected within an officially socialist state ( Pejovich, 1979 ) . In other less socialist and more communist provinces like Russia where that province controlled employment at that place tended to be low rewards and under-employment due to the high figure of employees. The increased globalization and force per unit areas to be profitable in order to stay in competitory and in being has besides claimed many AWOs for illustration the Kibbutz system succumbed to weakening corporate political orientation ( Talmon, 1970 ) , and altering in the economic state of affairs ( Rosner & A ; Getz, 1994 ) , such as money being distributed every bit and non harmonizing to demand. There was besides a alteration in the Israeli society from socialist to capitalist. The crisis resulted in alterations in both industrial sector and community life, alterations include: re-prioritizing the aims that an industrial works should accomplish. Profitability and non workers demands became the primary concern for industry. Firms today besides see it important to hold a hierarchal construction with a clear division of authorization ( and labour ) among the different degrees. These alterations have a profound impact on the Kibbutz ‘s organisational construction and have threatened its economic and societal endurance. Another job of AWOs is that passage to a new system is complex, this is apparent from the Bauen hotel illustration, while there is no official hierarchy between workers in the Bauen, and hints of a capitalist commonsense persist. Specifically in the manner workers still hold onto the subjective perceptual experiences that a worker ‘s undertaking and place within the hotel should find their degree of engagement in decision-making procedures. Albert ( 2004 ) hence proposed an alternate economic system, participatory economic sciences ( parecon ) and seek to work out the jobs of AWOs mentioned before. Parecon has common characteristics of AWOs, it promotes equity, diverseness, solidarity, self-management and ecological balance, but this is a diverseness economic system, is built on workers and consumers councils, combines societal ownership, participatory planning allotment, council construction, balanced occupation composites, wage for attempt and forfeit, and participatory self-management with no category distinction. As for participatory planning, it does n't hold purchasers and Sellerss maximising their ain advantage each at the cost of the other. It does n't hold competitively determined monetary values and net income or excess maximization. For the solution of occupation rotary motion in co-ops, proposed balanced occupation composites in this system would guarantee that when workers participate in decision-making, they have been comparably prepared by their work with assurance, accomplishments, and cognition to make so. Balanced occupation composites distribute unequal undertakings empower certain sort of workers, e.g. coordinator category. The purpose of parecon is non to extinguish divisions of labor, but to redefining the division of labor by guaranting that over some sensible clip frame people should hold duty for some reasonable sequence of undertakings for which they are adequately trained and such that no 1 enjoys consistent advantages in footings of the empowerment effects of their work. This gives workers a just portion of burdensome and fulfilling or drilling and authorising undertakings. Although this establishes a division of labor, it does n't bring forth a category division between lasting order-givers and order-takers. However others argue that more solidarity might cut down privateness, or more self-management might cut down quality of end products. In add-on, although making absolutely balanced occupation composites is theoretically possible, can it be done in existent life state of affairss? The reply is really likely will be no, one of the grounds could be that preparation is socially dearly-won, it would be inefficient for gifted people to make humble undertakings. In decision AWOs theoretically work absolutely and accomplish the purposes that are set out, but they make the large premise that all worlds have homogeneousness in their physical and rational capablenesss and gifts and will be satisfied with being equal and an equal portion of net incomes no affair how much they put in compared to others, and will fulfill with holding no more than what they require to run into their demands. It besides does non see the institutional troubles of altering to and pull offing such systems such as guaranting equality ( .i.e through occupation rotary motion and democratic-voting ) , altering mentalities, or market system force per unit areas. Venezuelan president Hugo Chavez recognized publically on January 28, 2007, that it had been a ‘mistake ‘ to turn the employees into partial proprietors ( Azzellini 2009 ) . There seems to be no room for this political and economic political orientation in this globalised world/age of consumerism and private entrepreneurship, where greater value is placed on personal accomplishment and organisational efficiency. Despite these AWOs still have much to offer particularly in their practical facets, on a micro house degree such as Suma Wholefoods Coop and peculiarly in commanding decreasing natural resources. All members of capitalist societies are conditioned by constructions and procedures that appear to be independently of them and every bit long as the advantages of CLP remain, capitalist economy will be the dominant economic system in the universe, citizens and states will go on to take it over other AWOs.

The 36 Trig Identities You Need to Know

The 36 Trig Identities You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re taking a geometry or trigonometry class, one of the topics you’ll study are trigonometric identities. There are numerous trig identities, some of which are key for you to know, and others that you’ll use rarely or never. This guide explains the trig identities you should have memorized as well as others you should be aware of. We also explain what trig identities are and how you can verify trig identities. In math, an "identity" is an equation that is always true, every single time. Trig identities are trigonometry equations that are always true, and they’re often used to solve trigonometry and geometry problems and understand various mathematical properties. Knowing key trig identities helps you remember and understand important mathematical principles and solve numerous math problems. The 25Most Important Trig Identities Below are six categories of trig identities that you’ll be seeing often. Each of these is a key trig identity and should be memorized. It seems like a lot at first, but once you start studying them you’ll see that many follow patterns that make them easier to remember. Basic Identities These identities define the six trig functions. $$sin(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{csc(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{sec(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$tan(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cot(ÃŽ ¸)} = {sin(ÃŽ ¸)}/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$csc(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{sin(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ $$cot(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{tan(ÃŽ ¸)} = {cos(ÃŽ ¸)}/{sin(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Pythagorean Identities These identities are the trigonometric proof of the Pythagorean theorem (that the square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, or $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$). The first equation below is the most important one to know, and you’ll see it often when using trig identities. $$sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) + cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$$ $$tan^2(ÃŽ ¸) + 1 = sec^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$1 + cot^2(ÃŽ ¸) = csc^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Co-function Identities Each of the trig functions equals its co-function evaluated at the complementary angle. $$sin(ÃŽ ¸) = cos({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) = sin({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$tan(ÃŽ ¸) = cot({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cot(ÃŽ ¸) = tan({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$csc(ÃŽ ¸) = sec({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = csc({Ï€/2} - ÃŽ ¸)$$ Negative Angle Identities Sine, tangent, cotangent, and cosecant are odd functions (symmetric about the origin). Cosine and secant are even functions (symmetric about the y-axis). $$sin(-ÃŽ ¸) = -sin(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(-ÃŽ ¸) = cos(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$tan(-ÃŽ ¸) = -tan(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Sum and Difference Identities These are sometimes known as Ptolemy’s Identities as he’s the one who first proved them. $$sin(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) = sin(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) + cos(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ± – ÃŽ ²) = sin(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) – cos(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) = cos(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) – sin(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ± – ÃŽ ²) = cos(ÃŽ ±)cos(ÃŽ ²) + sin(ÃŽ ±)sin(ÃŽ ²)$$ Double-Angle Identities You only need to memorize one of the double-angle identities for cosine. The other two can be derived from the Pythagorean theorem by using the identity $sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) + cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$ to convert one cosine identity to the others. $$sin(2ÃŽ ¸) = 2 sin(ÃŽ ¸) cos(ÃŽ ¸)$$ $$cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) – sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 1 – 2 sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 2 cos^2(ÃŽ ¸) – 1$$ $$tan(2ÃŽ ¸)={2 tan(ÃŽ ¸)}/{1– tan^2(ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Additional Trig Identities These three categories of trig identities are used less often. You should look through them to make sure you understand them, but they typically don’t need to be memorized. Half-Angle Identities These are inversions of the double-angle identities. $$sin2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1/2}(1-cos (2ÃŽ ¸))$$ $$cos2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1/2}(1+ cos (2ÃŽ ¸))$$ $$tan2(ÃŽ ¸) = {1-cos(2ÃŽ ¸)}/{1+ cos (2ÃŽ ¸)}$$ Sum Identities These trig identities make it possible for you to change a sum or difference of sines or cosines into a product of sines and cosines. $$sin(ÃŽ ±) + sin(ÃŽ ²)= 2sin({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) cos({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ±) - sin(ÃŽ ²)= 2cos({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) sin({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) + cos(ÃŽ ²)= 2cos({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²} / 2) cos({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) - cos(ÃŽ ²)= -2sin ({ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²}/ 2) sin({ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²}/ 2)$$ Product Identities This group of trig identities allows you to change a product of sines or cosines into a product or difference of sines and cosines. $$sin(ÃŽ ±) cos(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(sin (ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) + sin (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²))$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) sin(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(sin (ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²) - sin (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²))$$ $$sin(ÃŽ ±) sin(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(cos (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²) - cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²))$$ $$cos(ÃŽ ±) cos(ÃŽ ²)= {1/2}(cos (ÃŽ ± - ÃŽ ²) + cos(ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²))$$ Verifying Trigonometric Identities Once you have gone over all the key trig identities in your math class, the next step will be verifying them. Verifying trig identities means making two sides of a given equation identical to each other in order to prove that it is true. You’ll use trig identities to alter one or both sides of the equation until they’re the same. Verifying trig identities can require lots of different math techniques, including FOIL, distribution, substitutions, and conjugations. Each equation will require different techniques, but there are a few tips to keep in mind when verifying trigonometric identities. #1: Start With the Harder Side Despite what you may initially want to do, we recommend starting with the side of the equation that looks messier or more difficult.Complicated-looking equations often give you more possibilities to try out than simpler equations, so start with the trickier side so you have more options. #2: Remember That You Can Change Both Sides You don’t need to stick to only changing one side of the equation. If you get stuck on one side, you can switch over to the other side and begin changing it as well. Neither side of the equation needs to be the same as how it was originally; as long as both sides of the equation end up being identical, the identity has been verified. #3: Turn all the Functions Into Sines and Cosines Most students learning trig identities feel most comfortable with sines and cosines because those are the trig functions they see the most. Make things easier on yourself by converting all the functions to sines and cosines! Example 1 Verify the identity $cos(ÃŽ ¸)sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1$ Let’s change that secant to a cosine. Using basic identities, we know $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$. That gives us: $$cos(ÃŽ ¸) (1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}) = 1$$ The cosines on the left cancel each other out, leaving us with $1=1$. Identity verified! Example 2 Verify the identity $1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = tan(ÃŽ ¸) sin(2ÃŽ ¸)$ Let’s start with the left side since it has more going on. Using basic trig identities, we know tan(ÃŽ ¸) can be converted to sin(ÃŽ ¸)/ cos(ÃŽ ¸), which makes everything sines and cosines. $$1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = ({sin(ÃŽ ¸)}/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}) sin(2ÃŽ ¸)$$ Distribute the right side of the equation: $$1 − cos(2ÃŽ ¸) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ There are no more obvious steps we can take to transform the right side of the equation, so let’s move to the left side. We can use the Pythagorean identity to convert $cos(2ÃŽ ¸)$ to $1 - 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$ $$1 - (1 - 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Now work out the left side of the equation $$2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸) = 2sin^2(ÃŽ ¸)$$ The two sides are identical, so the identity has been verified! Example 3 Verify the identity $sec(-ÃŽ ¸) = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$ The left side of the equation is a bit more complicated, so let’s change that secant into a sine or cosine. From the basic trig identities, we know that $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$, which means that $sec(-ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(-ÃŽ ¸)}$. Substitute that for the left side: $$1/{cos(-ÃŽ ¸)} = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ The negative angle identities tell us that $cos(-ÃŽ ¸) = cos(ÃŽ ¸)$, so sub that: $$1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)} = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Again, we know that $sec(ÃŽ ¸) = 1/{cos(ÃŽ ¸)}$, so we end up with: $$sec(ÃŽ ¸) = sec(ÃŽ ¸)$$ Identity verified! Summary: Trig Identities Solver You’ll need to have key trig identities memorized in order to do well in your geometry or trigonometry classes. While there may seem to be a lot of trigonometric identities, many follow a similar pattern, and not all need to be memorized. When verifying trig identities, keep the following three tips in mind: Start with the trickier side Remember that you can change both sides of the equation Turn the functions into sines and cosines What's Next? Wondering which math classes to take in high school? Learn the best math classes for high school students to take by reading our guide! Wondering whether you should take AB or BC Calculus? Our guide lays out the differences between the two classesand explains who should take each course. Interested in math competitions like the International Math Olympiad? See our guide for passing the qualifying tests.

Are our zoos cruel to wild animals Essay Example for Free

Are our zoos cruel to wild animals Essay Zoos are places that often visited by the people for recreation, moreover for the family who has child. They can find many kinds of animal, without going to the wild forest. Zoos can make the visitors happy, but it might not be the same condition as the wild animal’s feeling. I trust that zoos are cruel to the faunas. Numeruous people think that zoos are good for the wild animals. Keeping animals in the zoos can save the animals from extinction than let them free in their habitat. In their wild habitat, the animal might be killed by their enemies. If they live in the zoo, they could not be killed by their predators because they live in each cage. In addition, they also think that not all of the zoo are cruel to the wild animal because some of them have standart operational procedures how to protect animal in the zoos, for example is Safari Park Zoos, the biggest zoos in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are some reasons that can explain why zoos are cruel to the animals. First of all, zoos are not condusive for wild animal’s life. They should live in their free habitat. They could feel bored with the limited place that is available in the zoo. Also they cannot interact with the other animals. It can make them feel depressed. If the faunas feel uncomfortable with their habitat, they cannot reproduce well. So, their offspring will be stopped and the wild animals will be extinct. Except that, the zookeepers also make some mistakes. The zookeepers usually does not take care of the animals. They does not give the suitable food for the animals, does not keep the animals clean, and does not give the good treatment for the animals which are getting sick. The zookeeper sometimes exploitate the animals for their commercial aims. They do not care with their condition. Perhaps the wild animal is already tired, but the zookeeper still force them to entertain the visitors. The examples are elephant and dolphin which work hard for entertainment events in the zoo. All in all, it requires the zoos management to improve their ability in managing the zoos. They can decorate the zoos as similar as possible to their natural habitat. They also should make training for the zookepers. So, they can give the better treatment for the animals. Are our zoos cruel to wild animals. (2016, Apr 02).

Faculty of Business Environment and Society 2 Essay

Faculty of Business Environment and Society 2 - Essay Example based on the principle that managing employees in a multinational environment increases complexities for the managers unless there is a uniform set of policies to govern the diversified workforce. In this regard, Du Plessis and Beaver (2008) mentioned that companies operating in multiple markets across the world should not engage in changing the pay and work conditions of the employees as it may create discrepancies among the employees of various sector. This statement will be analysed in the following sections of the essay in reference to the changes and the challenges in managing the human resource departments of the multinational organisations. Buckley and Monks (2004) noted that previously reward and compensations structures of a company were formed depending on the financial stability and the profit earning ability of companies with short-term focus. However, now as firms are trying to formulate strategies for developing long-term benefits and employee needs and expectations perform an important role in this system. According to the studies of Greer (2010), the role of the human resource management processes is to ensure that an organisation has the necessary resources for achieving their organisational objectives. The primary considerations behind the HRM strategies should be to focus on the requirements of the organisation and align the interests of the employees with the organisational needs. Kozami (2008) stated that in the contemporary scenario, the business processes of the firms include the aspect of sustainable business practices along with improved productivity and performance from the workforce of the firms. He nce, in order to motivate and encourage the employee, compensation and rewards structures are used as a primary method. Considering the approach of work structure of the multinational firms, cultural diversity is an integral part of their work force which also enhances the need for the managers for designing the HRM framework based on the